Codsiga iyo Horumarinta Polypropylene ee loogu talagalay Heerkulka ee Goobta Baakadaha

1. Mabaadi'da aasaasiga ah iyo astaamaha thermoforming

Heerkulka waa hab gaar ah oo loo farsameeyo balaastikada si loogu farsameeyo xaashida thermoplastic-ka ee loo beddelo badeecooyin kala duwan. Xaashida thermoplastic-ka waa la kululeeyaa si loo jilciyo ka dibna la cadaadiyaa (vacuum ama cadaadis togan) si xaashida thermoplastic-ka ay uga shaqeyso dusha sare ee caaryada si loo helo qaab la mid ah kan dusha sare ee caaryada, ka dib qaboojinta iyo qaabaynta, badeecada waa la jarjaraa si loo helo qaabka la rabo. Heerkulka waa mid degdeg ah oo isku mid ah, iyadoo leh waqti gaaban oo wareeg ah iyo kharash yar oo caaryada ah, oo ku habboon otomaatiga iyo waqtiga wax soo saarka dheer, waxaana loo arkaa habka ugu waxtarka badan ee wax lagu farsameeyo iyadoo qiimaha cutubka ugu hooseeya uu ka mid yahay hababka wax lagu sameeyo balaastikada. Gaar ahaan iyadoo la horumarinayo joogtada ah ee habka iyo qalabka thermoforming iyo faragelinta jilitaanka kombiyuutarka, thermoforming wuxuu noqday habka ugu weyn ee wax lagu farsameeyo oo la tartamaya wax lagu duray iyo afuufid. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, horumarro cusub ayaa laga sameeyay qalabka wax lagu farsameeyo thermoforming. Jimin wuxuu soo bandhigay qalabka iyo hababka thermoforming-ka ee lagu soo bandhigay K2013 ee Jarmalka, halkaas oo xawaaraha, kala-duwanaanshaha, tiknoolajiyada xakamaynta iyo dhimista kharashka ay noqdeen mawduucyo muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay qalabka cusub ee thermoforming ee baakadaha iyo warshadaha.

Noocyada ugu muhiimsan ee thermoforming-ka waa: sameynta faakuumka, sameynta cadaadiska, sameynta qalabka lagu caawiyo balaastigga iyo isku-darka iyaga. Waxaa suuqa ku jira badeecooyin badan oo thermoformed ah, sida koobabka, saxamada, saxamada cuntada, alaabta carruurtu ku ciyaarto, koofiyadaha iyo koofiyadaha, qaybaha qalabka guriga iyo sidoo kale qaybaha baabuurta, qaybaha qurxinta dhismaha, qalabka kiimikada, iwm. Marka la barbar dhigo qaabaynta duritaanka, thermoforming waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka hufnaanta wax soo saarka sare, maalgashiga hooseeya ee qalabka iyo awoodda lagu soo saaro alaabada leh meelaha dusha sare ee waaweyn. Balaastikada ugu muhiimsan ee loo isticmaalo thermoforming waa polystyrene (PS), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyolefins sida PE, PP, polyacrylates (PMMA) iyo cellulose sida nitrocellulose (NC), cellulose acetate (CA), iwm. Balaastigyada injineernimada sidaacrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)sidoo kale waa la isticmaalaa. Balaastikada Styrene (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), iwm. Horumarinta PP-ga waxqabadka sare leh sida hufnaanta sare, xoogga dhalaalka sare iyo warpage hooseeya ayaa kor u qaaday codsiga iyo horumarinta PP ee goobta thermoforming.

2. Xaaladda Suuqa Baakadaha Heerkulka ee Gudaha

Waxaa jira in ka badan 3,000 oo shirkadood oo baakadaha thermoforming-ka gudaha ah, kuwaas oo in ka badan 300 ay leeyihiin wax soo saar sannadle ah oo ka badan 1,000 tan. Qiyaastii 70% warshadaha leh awoodda wax soo saarka sannadlaha ah ee kumanaan tan waa xaashiyo iskood u soo saara iyo isku-darka alaabada thermoformed. PS (OPS) iyo polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ayaa ah xaashiyada ugu muhiimsan ee dibadda laga keeno, halka qaar ka mid ah warshadaha awoodda leh ay soo saaraan xaashiyadooda PP, PS iyo PVC ee u gaarka ah, warshadaha yaryarna waxay dibadda ka keenaan xaashiyadooda. Badeecadaha thermoformed waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa baakadaha cuntada, baakadaha aan cuntada ahayn iyo xaashida la jaray, shuruudaha alaabta ceeriinkuna way kala duwan yihiin codsi ilaa codsi.

3. Horumarinta PP ee loogu talagalay thermoforming

Codsiyada thermoforming-ka PP ee gudaha ayaa bilaabmay 1990-meeyadii waxayna si xawli ah u kobcayeen sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, iyadoo heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah uu yahay qiyaastii 10%. Hadda waxaa jira shirkado badan oo waaweyn oo caan ka ah baakaynta balaastikada thermoforming ee Shiinaha, sida Japan Central Chemical, kuwaas oo warshado ka dhisay Shiinaha oo ku daray wax soo saarka, alaabtooduna waxay inta badan diiradda saaraan alaabada baakadaha thermoforming-ka ee dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kuwa sare. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira la'aanta agabyada PP ee gaarka ah ee loogu talagalay habka thermoforming-ka ee Shiinaha. Soosaarayaasha alaabada thermoforming-ka ee gudaha ayaa guud ahaan iibsada T30S iyo resin kale oo guud oo loo beddelay isticmaalka, laakiin alaabada laga helo wax ka beddelka kadib iyo wax soo saarka warshadaha ee badeecadaha, waxaa jira xakameyn aan sinnayn oo lagu daro, sifooyinka la adkaysta ma buuxiyaan shuruudaha, dhumucda derbiga weelka ee aan sinnayn ee thermoforming, dahaarka extrusion-ka ee calendering geeska curling iyo dhibaatooyin kale, way adag tahay in la buuxiyo shuruudaha tayada sare iyo sare ee shuruudaha codsiga, laakiin sidoo kale Way adag tahay in la daboolo baahida tayada sare iyo shuruudaha sare, waxayna sidoo kale xaddidaysaa hufnaanta wax soo saarka ee shirkadaha wax soo saarka ee hoose.

Alaabada gaarka ah ee thermoforming-ka ee dibadda laga keeno badanaa waa homopolymers, copolymers-ka aan kala sooca lahayn ee hufan ayaa yar, darajooyinka qaarna waxay leeyihiin wareegyo soo dejin dheer, sidaa darteed soosaarayaasha thermoforming-ka ee gudaha laga keeno ayaa dhif ah inay isticmaalaan agabyada la soo dejiyo. Wax soo saarka xaashida ee hadda jira ee soosaarayaasha wax soo saarka thermoforming-ka ayaa inta badan ah xaashi ballaaran oo 600 mm ah, iyadoo horumarka tignoolajiyada mashiinka wax lagu dhejiyo, ballaca xaashida ayaa sii kordheysa, ugu ballaaran wuxuu noqon karaa in ka badan 1000 mm, sidaa darteed awoodda ka hortagga dhalaalka xaashida si loo soo bandhigo shuruudo sare. Xalka warshadaha wax soo saarka ee hoose waa in lagu daro boqolkiiba cayiman oo polyethylene-ka cufnaanta sare leh (PE-HD) PP-ga caadiga ah si loo hagaajiyo iska caabbinta dhalaalka xaashida, laakiin habkani wuxuu keeni doonaa isku-darka aan sinnayn iyo hufnaan xaddidan oo alaabada ah. Warshadaha thermoforming-ka ee gudaha ayaa leh baahi degdeg ah oo sii kordheysa oo loogu talagalay agabka ceeriin ee PP oo leh waxqabad sare iyo hufnaan aad u sarreeya.
Kahor 2012, cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta agabka thermoforming-ka ee hufan ee Shiinaha waxay ahayd mid dib u dhac ah. Waqtigaas, xaaladda cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta ee agabka gaarka ah ee thermoforming-ka gudaha waxaa lagu taxay Shaxda 2.

Mid ka mid ah agabkan gaarka ah laguma sii shaqeynin si loo helo xoog dhalaal badan iyo qaybinta miisaanka molecular-ka ee ballaaran ee loo baahan yahay habaynta thermoforming, qaarna laguma soo saarin heer aad u ballaaran.

Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, Tianjin Petrochemical waxay sii waday inay horumariso agab gaar ah oo ku saabsan PP thermoforming, waxayna gaartay faa'iidooyin dhaqaale iyo bulsho oo muhiim ah, iyadoo midab ku dartay aaggan gaarka ah ee thermoforming.

Shaxda 4aad waxay muujinaysaa agabka gaarka ah ee PP ee loogu talagalay thermoforming oo ay sameeyeen dhowr warshadood oo petrochemical ah sannadihii la soo dhaafay, kuwaas oo ay soo saartay Shanghai Ru Xia New Material iyo warshad kasta oo petrochemical ah oo loogu talagalay baahiyo kala duwan oo ku jira qaybaha thermoforming ee kala duwan. Soo-saareyaasha wax-soo-saarka thermoforming-ka ee hoose ayaa si weyn u baahsan, fiirsashada warshaduhu way hooseysaa, waxaa jira shirkado yar oo ka sarreeya miisaanka, baahida loo qabo wax-soo-saarka hoosena waa kala duwan tahay, warshadaha petrochemical-kuna waxay leeyihiin qorshayaal u gaar ah oo loogu talagalay jadwalka wax-soo-saarka, sidaa darteed weli waxaa jira dhibaatooyin la xiriira isku-dubaridka si wanaagsan oo lala yeesho kor iyo hoos, laakiin jihada horumarinta ee warshadaha thermoforming-ka waa in hal dhinac laga sameeyo alaabada hoose ee kala duwan, iyo in loo isticmaalo agab gaar ah wax-soo-saarka dhinaca kale, si loo horumariyo tayada wax-soo-saarka loona hagaajiyo xasilloonida tayada wax-soo-saarka. Horumarinta iyo adeegsiga agabka gaarka ah ee thermoforming-ka weli waa rajo wanaagsan.